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Most of the electromagnetic energy radiated from Earth’s surface is in the form of*
In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is most of Earth’s outgoing terrestrial radiation?*
Base your answers to questions 3 on the passage and mineral table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table shows some properties of four minerals that display fluorescence.
Fluorescent Minerals
All minerals have the ability to reflect visible light. Only about 15% of minerals have an interesting physical property known as fluorescence. These minerals have the ability to temporarily absorb a small amount of electromagnetic energy and, an instant later, release a small amount of energy of a different wavelength. This change in wavelength causes a temporary color change of the mineral in the eye of an observer. The color change of fl uorescent minerals is most spectacular when the minerals are placed in darkness and exposed to electromagnetic energy shorter than visible light.
A former zinc mine in New Jersey is one of the most famous sources of fluorescent minerals in the entire world. Zincite and willemite were two of the zinc ores mined there. It was later discovered that more than 91 minerals in this region displayed fluorescence under shortwave electromagnetic energy.
Which two forms of electromagnetic energy are used to produce the most spectacular fluorescence when placed in darkness?*
Base your answers to questions 4 on the passage below and on your knowledge of Earth science.
Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
In the 1920s, Edwin Hubble’s discovery of a pattern in the red shift of light from galaxies moving away from Earth led to the theory of an expanding universe. This expansion implies that the universe was smaller, denser, and hotter in the past. In the 1940s, scientists predicted that heat (identified as cosmic microwave background radiation) left over from the Big Bang would fill the universe. In the 1960s, satellite probes found that cosmic microwave background radiation fills the universe uniformly in every direction, and indicated a temperature of about 3 kelvins (K). This radiation has been cooling as the universe has been expanding.
Cosmic microwave background radiation is classified as a form of electromagnetic energy because it*
Base your answers to questions 5 on the diagrams below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagrams represent electromagnetic waves being transmitted (T) by a Doppler radar weather instrument and waves being reflected (R) by rain showers. This instrument produces computer images that show the movement of rainstorms.
This Doppler radar instrument transmits electromagnetic energy in the form of microwaves. Some microwave wavelengths are between the wavelengths of*
Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?*
Most of which type of electromagnetic radiation is given off by Earth’s surface at night?*
In which portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is the maximum intensity of Earth’s outgoing radiation?*
Which type of electromagnetic radiation listed below has the longest wavelength?*
Base your answers to questions 10 on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The data table shows how the destruction of the ozone layer in Earth’s atmosphere has affected the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth’s surface beneath the areas of ozone destruction.
On the table in the image provided, place one check mark in each row to compare the relative wavelengths of other types of electromagnetic radiation to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. [1]
Wavelength Comparison to Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation *
Base your answers to questions 11 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a cutaway view of a flat-plate solar collector used to heat water at a New York State location.
Explain why the flow tubes and collector plate inside the solar collector are black in color. [1]*
